{"id":49768,"date":"2017-11-22T16:00:54","date_gmt":"2017-11-22T09:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/5-phien-dich-vien-trong-lich-su-co-anh-huong-nhat-the-gioi\/"},"modified":"2025-04-19T11:24:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T04:24:02","slug":"5-phien-dich-vien-trong-lich-su-co-anh-huong-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/5-phien-dich-vien-trong-lich-su-co-anh-huong-nhat-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"Top Phi\u00ean D\u1ecbch Vi\u00ean V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ea5t L\u1ecbch S\u1eed: C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n V\u00e0 Di S\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"
K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i, ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/div>\n

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R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i cho bi\u1ebft “phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch” b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3000 TCN.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
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5 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o qu\u00ean trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/div>\n
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1. Sacagawea<\/strong><\/div>\n
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\"5<\/div>\n
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Sinh v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1788 t\u1ea1i qu\u1eadn Lehmi c\u1ee7a Idaho, Sacagawea – con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Shoshone l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4 b\u1ecb k\u1ebb th\u00f9 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c khi m\u1edbi 12 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u00e1n cho Toussaint Charbonneau, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00f4ng th\u00fa Ph\u00e1p-Canada.<\/div>\n
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Charbonneau, 20 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn Sacagawea mang thai v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
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N\u0103m 1803, khi Pres. Jefferson \u0111\u00e3 mua 828.000 d\u1eb7m vu\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n Discovery, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Meriwether Lewis v\u00e0 William Clark.<\/div>\n
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V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Louisiana l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00e1c nhau trong khu v\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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Lewis v\u00e0 Clark \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p Sacagawea v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 Hidatsa-Mandan v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1804.<\/div>\n
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H\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Charbonneau n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Hidatsa v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p trong khi Sacagawea n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Shoshone v\u00e0 Hidatsa. K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua ng\u1ef1a t\u1eeb t\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Shoshone ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a ra l\u00e0 anh trai c\u1ee7a Sacagawea.<\/div>\n
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Sacagawea v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (c\u00f4 sinh trong cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m) \u0111i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n Discovery 1805-1806.<\/div>\n
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Sacagawea \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef duy nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/div>\n
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C\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy nhanh nh\u1eady, gi\u00fap c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng, thu\u1ed1c men, v\u1eadt t\u01b0 trong khi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 con m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1eadt.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Sacagawea r\u1ea5t th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nh\u1ee3t nh\u1ea1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 con trai \u0111i th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/div>\n
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B\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf Fort Manuel (nay l\u00e0 Kenel, South Dakota) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1812 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 25. C\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao $ 500,33 v\u00e0 320 m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/div>\n
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2. Valentin Berezhkov<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai trong s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Valentin Berezhkov.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 v\u1ec1 Vyacheslav Molotov v\u00e0 Joseph Stalin trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Li\u00ean X\u00f4 khi Winston Churchill v\u00e0 Teddy Roosevelt tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp.<\/div>\n
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Anh h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kiev. Trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Tehran n\u0103m 1943, Berezhkov \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb.<\/div>\n
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Trong h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean cho H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Yalta n\u0103m 1945. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh sau chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i sau chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Sau H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Yalta, Berezhkov \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o thay v\u00ec ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh ngo\u1ea1i giao. Berezhkov th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Li\u00ean x\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Washington. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i Harvey Mudd, Pitzer v\u00e0 Pomona Colleges tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Occidental College \u1edf Los Angeles, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 th\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea3ng Diane v\u00e0 Guilford Glazer.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Stalin: Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00f9a Thu c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00e0i.<\/div>\n
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Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi Joseph Stalin. \u00d4ng g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Stalin \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i khi g\u1eb7p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft ng\u1eafn, h\u1ed1c h\u00e1c, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o m\u1eb7t do b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Stalin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1edd \u01a1 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi ng\u1edd.<\/div>\n
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Sergei, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u1ee9 hai Valeria, t\u1eebng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean cho T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Nga Boris N. Yeltsin.<\/div>\n
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3. Thomas Pereira v\u00e0 Jean-Francois Gerbillon<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Nh\u00e0 Thanh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17. Quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o D\u00f2ng T\u00ean, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Hoa \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00ec k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c linh m\u1ee5c D\u00f2ng T\u00ean B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c d\u00f2ng T\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd kh\u00e1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga Cossacks x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Thanh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng th\u00fa. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Siberia l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc Kinh.<\/div>\n
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Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Khang Hi mu\u1ed1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn Thomas Pereira, m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch. Pereira \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn Jean-Francois Gerbillon t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng T\u00ean Ph\u00e1p.<\/div>\n
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V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfng Linga gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Latin, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n khi ch\u1ecdn D\u00f2ng T\u00ean l\u00e0m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga mu\u1ed1n Thomas Pereira v\u00e0 Jean-Francois Gerbillon che gi\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc theo s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m theo \u00fd h\u1ecd.<\/div>\n
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Th\u1ecfa \u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Nerchinsk, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Trung Qu\u1ed1c k\u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o. Trong hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nga \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd gi\u1eef ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb d\u00e3y n\u00fai Sayan gi\u1eefa Siberia v\u00e0 Nga \u0111\u1ebfn H\u1ed3 Okhotsk. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c Amur l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Manchus.<\/div>\n
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Do l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a H\u00e0 Lan th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecf ra th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch.<\/div>\n
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Thomas Pereira v\u00e0 Jean-Francois Gerbillon c\u0169ng gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ef9 S\u00e1ch Ng\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng T\u00ean v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi Nga.<\/div>\n
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S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n c\u1ee7a Manchus \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1692 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 khoan dung.<\/div>\n
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4. Gaspar Antonio Chi<\/strong><\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Yucatan, Gaspar Antonio Chi. M\u1ed9t phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean \u1edf cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1500, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya.<\/div>\n
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Chi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha c\u1ee7a\u00a0 Charles Charles V. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 vua mu\u1ed1n thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, Chi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho vua th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Yucat\u00e1n, th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n
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Gaspar Antonio Chi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mayan trong cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
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Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a vua Charles \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. Ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc quan tr\u1ecdng cho th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1eadu thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/div>\n
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Chi l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c Xiu Mayan. Cha c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111ang th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Yucat\u00e1n. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd \u0111i th\u0103m Chichen Itza trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t b\u1edfi Nachi Cocum, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch.<\/div>\n
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Sau \u0111\u00f3, Chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u00e1nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng Franciscan, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng Latin, Nahuatl v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u01a1i organ v\u00e0 h\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u00e1t cantos ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/div>\n
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\u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Maya. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mayan khi \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ee5ng.<\/div>\n
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N\u0103m 1557 Chi tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh gi\u1eefa Xiu v\u00e0 Cocum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trung gian b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y Ban Nha. N\u0103m 1562, \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c cha Diego de Landa. Sau n\u00e0y \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean cho Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Yucat\u00e1n.<\/div>\n
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Theo nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 (T\u1eadp 30, S\u1ed1 2, B\u1ea3n ghi tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn: 28 Th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2009), Gaspar Antonio Chi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u kh\u00e1c, cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chinh ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Maya.<\/div>\n
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\u1ea4n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp Chi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ch\u1ee9c t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha kh\u00e1c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn Yucat\u00e1n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/div>\n
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5. Tisquantum<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Patuxet, Tisquantum, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Squanto, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i Plymouth khi h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i qua m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 1620.<\/div>\n
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Tisquantum sinh n\u0103m 1580 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng g\u1ea7n Plymouth, Massachusetts. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1eaft c\u00f3c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1615 d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Maine. Tisquantum, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 24 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Patuxet v\u00e0 Nauset \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Thomas Hunt thu h\u00fat, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng da h\u1ea3i ly.<\/div>\n
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H\u1ecd b\u1ecb nh\u1ed1t d\u01b0\u1edbi boong t\u00e0u v\u00e0 b\u00e1n nh\u01b0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Malaga, T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Hunt \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng John Smith.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Tisquantum l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh em \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch Tisquantum tr\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 anh ta \u0111\u1ebfn Anh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o.<\/div>\n
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\u1ede Anh Tisquantum g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 John Slaney, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf Newfoundland. Trong khi \u1edf Anh, Tisquantum h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Slaney \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Tisquantum do ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i t\u1edbi Newfoundland \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/div>\n
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Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng Thomas Dermer, c\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng John Smith. Dermer sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t cho c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia London, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u1edf New England. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a Tisquantum c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn New England \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/div>\n
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Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Tisquantum v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 gi\u00fap b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Trong khi Dermer ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, Tisquantum \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Li\u00ean minh Wampanoag.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Mayflower \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1620. \u0110\u00e3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nauset, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi v\u1ee5 b\u1eaft c\u00f3c c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/div>\n
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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Patuxet b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i (Plymouth) b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Samoset, h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Tisquantum.<\/div>\n
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Tisquantum \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Nauset v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft Li\u00ean minh Wampanoag v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u00d4ng \u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd trong 20 th\u00e1ng, l\u00e0m trung gian, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1ch tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 tinh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tham gia bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n l\u00f4ng th\u00fa.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Mayflower \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng, s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Tisquantum.<\/div>\n
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C\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c giao ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u0103m phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/div>\n
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Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch mang nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t<\/div>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i, ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":49767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3258],"tags":[3988,3798],"class_list":["post-49768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-dich-thuat","tag-nghe-phien-dich","tag-phien-dich-vien"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n5 Phi\u00ean D\u1ecbch Vi\u00ean Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed C\u00f3 \u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t ngay!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/5-phien-dich-vien-trong-lich-su-co-anh-huong-nhat-the-gioi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Top Phi\u00ean D\u1ecbch Vi\u00ean V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ea5t L\u1ecbch S\u1eed: C\u00e2u Chuy\u1ec7n V\u00e0 Di S\u1ea3n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. 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