{"id":49592,"date":"2016-11-15T17:08:58","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T10:08:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/vai-tro-cua-dich-thuat-trong-chien-tranh\/"},"modified":"2024-11-30T12:36:13","modified_gmt":"2024-11-30T05:36:13","slug":"vai-tro-cua-dich-thuat-trong-chien-tranh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/vai-tro-cua-dich-thuat-trong-chien-tranh\/","title":{"rendered":"The Role of Translation in War"},"content":{"rendered":"
D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 trong chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i xa h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/div>\n

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\"The<\/div>\n
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Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e1<\/strong><\/div>\n
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C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb phong tr\u00e0o s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u Phi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/div>\n
s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u00f9 bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9, hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn.<\/div>\n
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Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec<\/strong><\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Aztec. N\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1519 khi onquistador Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 c\u00e1nh t\u1ea1i Mexico v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u0110\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Cort\u00e9s quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, Malintzin, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap anh ta l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m li\u00ean minh kh\u00e1c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec. C\u00f4 nhanh ch\u00f3ng h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa n\u00f3, Chontal Maya, v\u00e0 Nahuatl. Malintzin c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y Cort\u00e9s v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Aztec v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Aztec. C\u00f4 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u00e1m s\u00e1t. \u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a con trai \u00f4ng.<\/div>\n
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Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc Anh t\u1ea1i New Zealand<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1840, khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed9c Maori c\u1ee7a New Zealand. T\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng mu\u1ed1n Anh b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 h\u1ecd t\u1eeb t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 l\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Waitangi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, trong \u0111\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Maori.\u00a0<\/div>\n
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Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh cho bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Maori \u0111\u00e3 “nh\u01b0\u1eddng cho N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Anh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n” (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, New Zealand s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh). Nh\u01b0ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Maori, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, cho bi\u1ebft Maori s\u1ebd gi\u1eef ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maori ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Anh trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 xung quanh \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 I<\/strong><\/div>\n
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M\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean c\u1ee7a WW1 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng minh khi ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c \u0111ang c\u1ea1n d\u1ea7n. V\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng vong cao tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, s\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn h\u00e0o v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa xe t\u0103ng tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ottoman \u1edf Iraq.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sau chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh “China Town” m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn ph\u00eda t\u00e2y ch\u00e2u \u00c2u h\u00f4m nay.<\/div>\n
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Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng trong WW1 m\u1edbi \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p radio v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c ch\u00fang, d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng d\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 tham gia chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Choctaw Tribe \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd “Choctaws”, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “code talkers”.<\/div>\n
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D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt trong WW1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec7p nghe ng\u00f3ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 ng\u1eaft m\u00e3. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trong h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p m\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9.<\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 II<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt trong WW2 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 m\u00e3 \u1edf Bletchley Park b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong b\u1ed9 phim n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng The Imitation Game. G\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ph\u00e1 m\u00e3 Enigma c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0 codebreakers c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1eadt m\u00e3 Lorenz \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c x\u00e3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00ed m\u1eadt “Ultra”, m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng “Top Secret”.<\/div>\n
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Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00ecnh b\u00e1o Anh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ea1i Bletchley Park r\u00fat ng\u1eafn chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n sinh m\u1ea1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o thu th\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 m\u00e3 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng minh, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ng\u1eaft M\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u01b0 \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 D-Day.<\/div>\n
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Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1945, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh \u1edf Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y Allied Translator v\u00e0 Interpreter Section (ATIS), tham gia c\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9\/\u00dac h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, ch\u1eb7n tin Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c chi\u1ebfn tranh c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Bletchley Park, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ATIS l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh tr\u00ean ti\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebfn, gia nh\u1eadp qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 Papua v\u00e0 Philippines, \u0110\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n thay, 17 ATIS d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u.<\/div>\n
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D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ATIS c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n t\u00f9 nh\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung. \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch “Operation Z”, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn h\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng minh tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/div>\n
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Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Theo l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed xu\u1ed1ng Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Kantara Suzuki \u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh r\u1eb1ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1eeb “mokusatsu ‘. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn”, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn”, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t \u0111\u00fang theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng 10 ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn Tranh L\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghe tr\u1ed9m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Li\u00ean X\u00f4. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong Nuclear Arms Race v\u00e0 the Space Race, v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef.<\/div>\n
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B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c Gia v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng (1958), M\u1ef9 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n vay cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y theo nhu c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi.\u00a0<\/div>\n
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M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Nh\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u1ef9 trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 NDEA nh\u1eb1m cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u1eefa.<\/div>\n
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Nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng khi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1950, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Bletchley Park, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/div>\n
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M\u00e1y d\u1ecbch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda trong n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda dai d\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. N\u0103m 1956 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng khi h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Li\u00ean X\u00f4 Nikita Khrushchev v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, Khrushchev n\u00f3i “\u041c\u044b \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c !,” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i c\u00e1c \u00f4ng!” C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng Nga sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nga, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u00f4ng” – nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/div>\n
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N\u00f3 ch\u01b0a x\u1ea3y ra cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a, m\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho Google v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt m\u00e1y kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
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Chi\u1ebfn tranh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Ng\u00e0y nay chi\u1ebfn tranh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Iraq v\u00e0 Afghanistan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt du k\u00edch, v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u1ea9n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c “ch\u00fang ta” v\u00e0 “h\u1ecd” th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Do thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \/ phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi gian Cort\u00e9s, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nghe l\u00e9n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch th\u00f4ng tin, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/div>\n
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D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 1 \u0111ang s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd lu\u00f4m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea3n Notarized translation<\/strong><\/a> c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean trong th\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u h\u00f3a m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":49591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3258],"tags":[3706,3311,5400],"class_list":["post-49592","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-dich-thuat","tag-dich-gia","tag-dich-thuat","tag-dich-thuat-trong-thoi-chien-tranh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVai Tr\u00f2 C\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7c D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt Trong Chi\u1ebfn Tranh<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd th\u1eafc m\u1eafc vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh ? 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