{"id":48421,"date":"2010-10-09T18:07:12","date_gmt":"2010-10-09T11:07:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\/"},"modified":"2024-12-04T11:36:49","modified_gmt":"2024-12-04T04:36:49","slug":"gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\/","title":{"rendered":"Try to Preserve the Purity of Vietnamese Language"},"content":{"rendered":"
T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m nay (t\u1eeb 1986, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp). Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, trong t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n vang l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00f3i mang t\u00ednh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: “H\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t!”<\/em><\/strong>.<\/div>\n

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Trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua, t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 sao cho T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed ta lu\u00f4n \u0111i theo l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/div>\n
I. H\u00e3y tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ebft gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n d\u1ecbch<\/div>\n
C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch b\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u, l\u1eddi v\u0103n \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 do ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft ra, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb l\u1eddi v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong pha th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u2026”; c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y danh d\u1ef1 ra m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nguy\u00ean si, th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00e1i \u0111o\u1ea1n “m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n” sao m\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0 “t\u00e2y” \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf? N\u00f3 l\u00e0m ta li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng ngay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft: “that was developed\u2026”. Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb “\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” l\u00e0m cho c\u00e2u v\u0103n r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: “c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1ecdc theo qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 6\u2026”, “s\u1ef1 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra\u2026”, “\u0111\u00e1 bazan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed9 ra\u2026”, “b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi\u2026”, v.v. D\u00e2n ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 \u0103n ngon qu\u00e1!”. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u00f2, v\u00e0 th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang ta \u0103n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n xem, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i l\u00e0: “Th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n ngon qu\u00e1!”, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i: “Th\u1ecbt b\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n b\u1edfi v\u1ee3 t\u00f4i!”. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i sang hay m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta vi\u1ebft: “c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 d\u1ecdc theo qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 6\u2026” hay “\u0111\u00e1 bazan l\u1ed9 ra\u2026”, v.v. th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u nh\u1ec9? M\u00e0 c\u00e2u v\u0103n r\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, ta n\u00ean quen v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft: “b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 do X v\u00e0 nnk. th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u2026”, “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p do Nagibian \u0111\u01b0a ra\u2026”, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean vi\u1ebft: “b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1edfi X v\u00e0 nnk.\u2026”, hay “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Nagibian\u2026”. V\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u v\u0103n ki\u1ec3u th\u1ee9 hai r\u1ea5t “t\u00e2y” v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 l\u1eafm. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u1ecdng v\u0103n d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5ng.<\/div>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p r\u1ea5t s\u00e1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb “l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5” kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0 “l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nam Trung B\u1ed9”, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ” trong l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean”. V\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u “territory” ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5”; nh\u01b0ng theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh-Vi\u1ec7t [5], “territory” c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m ngh\u0129a: 1) \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ea1t, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5; 2) khu v\u1ef1c, v\u00f9ng, mi\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0: “mi\u1ec1n ” v\u00e0 “trong \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn t\u1ec9nh \u0110i\u1ec7n Bi\u00ean” th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t [2], “l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5” l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc”. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m ta l\u1ea1i nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec3u (hay c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh hi\u1ec3u) “academy” ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “vi\u1ec7n h\u00e0n l\u00e2m”, m\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 7, L\u00fd Th\u01b0\u1eddng Ki\u1ec7t, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 “Academy of Finance”, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 “Vi\u1ec7n s\u0129” n\u00e0o. Khi ta d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb g\u00ec, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u00fat ng\u1edd ng\u1ee3, n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/div>\n
II. H\u00e3y quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m<\/div>\n
Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao, trong kho\u1ea3ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hay d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t sai v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c nh\u1eadt b\u00e1o ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft “D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y\u2026”! Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 “Qua quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y\u2026”! C\u00e1i g\u00ec cho th\u1ea5y? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 “c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch” hay “quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng” kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a “cho th\u1ea5y”, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c “d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o” v\u00e0 “qua” \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 cho c\u00e2u. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: “C\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho th\u1ea5y\u2026” v\u00e0 “Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y\u2026”; hay l\u00e0 “D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ta th\u1ea5y\u2026” v\u00e0 “Qua quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y\u2026”, th\u00ec c\u00e2u v\u0103n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai ph\u1ea1m. T\u00f4i cho l\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u0103n ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u m\u00ecnh vi\u1ebft ra.<\/div>\n
C\u0169ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y: “Trong v\u00f9ng X l\u1ed9 ra hai kh\u1ed1i magma. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n axit”. C\u00e1i d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc “Trong \u0111\u00f3” sao m\u00e0 v\u00f4 duy\u00ean th\u1ebf! C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 th\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5t. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u “Trong v\u00f9ng X l\u1ed9 ra hai kh\u1ed1i magma, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n axit”, v\u00e0 “trong \u0111\u00f3” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi “tuy nhi\u00ean”, “tuy v\u1eady”, “nh\u01b0ng”\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ng\u1eaft trong c\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft hoa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef. T\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i gh\u1ebf nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft hoa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft hoa t\u1eeb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt: Tay cu\u1ed9n, B\u1ecd ba thu\u1ef3,\u2026; t\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng: C\u1ed5 sinh, Trung sinh,\u2026; t\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ec3: Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh, M\u1ed9c tinh, Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t,\u2026; t\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c: (B\u1ed9) T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, (T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c) Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea,\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft: “\u0110\u1ec7 Tam, \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1ee9, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t”,\u2026 M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft hoa c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0: “ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc n\u00fai \u00d4ng,\u2026”. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb chung, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft hoa? Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft hoa c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba danh m\u1edbi vi\u1ebft hoa ch\u00fang, nh\u01b0: “mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc B\u1ed9, tr\u0169ng \u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u00fa Kh\u00e1nh, b\u1ec3 C\u00f4n S\u01a1n\u2026”. C\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb chung kh\u00e1c, khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft hoa, nh\u01b0: “\u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y S\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, kh\u1ed1i granit N\u00fai Ph\u00e1o, kh\u1ed1i n\u00e2ng N\u00fai Con Voi\u2026”. \u0110\u00f4i khi, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft hoa c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0 kilomet (km) c\u1ee9 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 “Km”.<\/div>\n
V\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eeda c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c. Theo ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:50.000, hay b\u00e1n k\u00ednh Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf x\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 6.378,25 km. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef R\u00f4man. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, M\u1ef9 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i: d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn, c\u00f2n d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 l\u1ebb. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp chung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, m\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3. V\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda t\u1eebng con s\u1ed1, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 l\u1eafm.<\/div>\n
V\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng i v\u00e0 y, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t i, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n -y\u00ean, -y\u1ebft, -y\u00eau (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t-Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a L\u00ea Kh\u1ea3 K\u1ebf v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n [3]). T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft “m\u00ec s\u1ee3i, m\u00ed m\u1eaft” m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft “m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt”, hay vi\u1ebft “ti h\u00ed, t\u00ed ti” m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft “t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng” th\u00ec thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft “y nguy\u00ean, \u00fd ngh\u0129a”, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “i nguy\u00ean, \u00ed ngh\u0129a” tr\u00f4ng c\u1ed9c qu\u00e1. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quy \u01b0\u1edbc. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n nay, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra quy \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u0169, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 “t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o,\u2026”. \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ea7n -uy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. C\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft “qui ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00ed,\u2026” ch\u00fang t\u00f4i coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda l\u00e0 “quy ho\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd”.<\/div>\n
V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba danh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tivi c\u00f2n vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t lung tung, v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh \u0111ang m\u1edf cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n vi\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft theo lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef; \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 [7]. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i x\u00e3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ya M\u01a1 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “Ya Meur”, vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc theo qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ya M\u01a1. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lo t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9nh b\u1ecb “c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t” m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u00ean t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “B\u1eafc K\u1ea1n”.<\/div>\n
Trong t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao khi vi\u1ebft t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee9 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u thanh. Trong qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef, d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu thay d\u1ea5u th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ngh\u0129a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. “Ng\u00f4” \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00eam d\u1ea5u s\u1eafc v\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u00e0nh “ng\u1ed1” ngay. B\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam News, c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, lu\u00f4n vi\u1ebft t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ea5u. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a anh em tr\u1ebb ch\u01b0a quen bi\u1ebft l\u1eafm tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u00e1o, hay \u0111\u1ecba danh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u, v\u00f9ng xa m\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u \u0111i th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean th\u1ef1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00f4 U\u00f4ng Th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i, hay \u0111\u1ea3o H\u00f2n Tr\u1ee9ng L\u1edbn m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft b\u1ecf d\u1ea5u \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00f3 Tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec!<\/div>\n
III. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/div>\n
Vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3”. Ngay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i Anh ng\u1eef c\u0169ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n “melange” (th\u1ec3 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n), “en echelon” (d\u1ea1ng b\u1eadc thang) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c kh\u1ed1i Ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef c\u0169ng m\u01b0\u1ee3n “dyke” (th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1eddng) c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Anh. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 d\u00e2n m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, r\u1ea5t n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc vi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ebf n\u1ea5y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m c\u00e2m (kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn), v\u00ed d\u1ee5: granit, an\u0111esit. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00ea nguy\u00ean si c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (granite, andesite) v\u00e0o (theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong c\u00e1c Quy ch\u1ebf \u0111o v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t [1]). V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ph\u1ea3i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n n\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc, v\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0 La M\u00e3, Hy L\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef R\u00f4man kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf T\u00e2y \u00c2u.<\/div>\n
G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean si thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “magnitude”, m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef l\u00e0 “ch\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p”, “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9” hay “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh”. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y, theo t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Larousse, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latin “magnitudo” l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn”. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 trong 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n qu\u1ed1c ng\u1eef k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean n\u00ean d\u00f9ng “ch\u1ea5n c\u1ea5p”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng”, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9” th\u00ec chung chung qu\u00e1, v\u00e0 “c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh” th\u00ec tr\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi “c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9” (intensity), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “magnitude” n\u1eefa.<\/div>\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i hay d\u00f9ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb “c\u00e1c \u0111ai m\u1ea1ch”. T\u1eeb “\u0111ai” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “dyke”, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u1edf T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh\u2013Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t [4] cho 2 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 “th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111aik\u01a1”. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, phi\u00ean l\u00e0 “\u0111aik\u01a1” kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00ec ch\u1eef -e cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m c\u00e2m, \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf (nh\u01b0 granit, ryolit [6]). V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng “th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111aik”, ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 “\u0111ai” th\u00ec tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi “belt” (c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng d\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i), nh\u01b0 “\u0111ai Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng”. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, n\u00ean d\u00f9ng “th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1eddng”.<\/div>\n
IV. \u0110\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd trong b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u00e0i b\u00e1o g\u1eedi T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i b\u00e1o. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0: “B\u00e0i b\u00e1o m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tai bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ecdc s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00eda nam Vi\u1ec7t Tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh.” C\u00e1c tai bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i g\u00ec, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn trong T\u00f3m t\u1eaft. T\u00f3m t\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00e0i. V\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ebft n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y vi\u1ebft t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb b\u00ean tr\u00ean.<\/div>\n
Cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp danh s\u00e1ch V\u0103n li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o. Th\u1eddi gian qua, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00e1 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, do c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp V\u0103n li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t. R\u1ea5t mong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u sau: 1) Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u0103n li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o; 2) X\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u0103n li\u1ec7u theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1eef c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, hay h\u1ecd t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (\u0111\u1eebng x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00ean t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3). C\u00f2n n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1eebng v\u0103n li\u1ec7u, xin tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ee5c V\u0103n li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0, khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, xin \u0111\u1eebng g\u1eedi ti\u1ebfp cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f4i khi v\u00ec s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, U\u1ef7 vi\u00ean bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i duy\u1ec7t cho \u0111\u0103ng b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u0103ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i. Xin tr\u00e1nh cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/div>\n
Nh\u00ecn chung, trong th\u1eddi gian qua, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ra m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u1ee5c B\u00e1o ch\u00ed thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 V\u0103n ho\u00e1 – Th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, g\u1eedi b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n cho T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi Bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u00e2u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong Ban bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m b\u00e1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng mong mu\u1ed1n chung l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed. R\u1ea5t mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 b\u00e0i g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed.<\/div>\n
V\u0102N LI\u1ec6U<\/div>\n
C\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (2001). Quy ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:50.000. B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 184 trang.<\/div>\n
Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00ea (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean, 1998). T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t. Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, Nxb \u0110\u00e0 N\u1eb5ng, 1130 trang.<\/div>\n
L\u00ea Kh\u1ea3 K\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00e2n (2001). T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t\u2013Ph\u00e1p. Nxb TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1280 trang.<\/div>\n
Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Khoa h\u1ecdc & K\u0129 thu\u1eadt (1978). T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh\u2013Vi\u1ec7t C\u00e1c khoa h\u1ecdc Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. 678 trangg.<\/div>\n
Vi\u1ec7n Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc (1975). T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Anh\u2013Vi\u1ec7t. Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1960 trg.<\/div>\n
V\u0169 Kh\u00fac, Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Tr\u1ecb, \u0110\u00e0o \u0110\u00ecnh Th\u1ee5c (1993). Ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch phi\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t, A\/214-215, trang 51\u201358.<\/div>\n
V\u0169 Kh\u00fac (2005). Vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba danh \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n. T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u00ednh, 3\/2005, trang 45\u201351.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m nay (t\u1eeb 1986, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp). Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, trong t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n vang l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00f3i mang t\u00ednh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3258],"tags":[3311,3312,3315,3413],"class_list":["post-48421","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc-dich-thuat","tag-dich-thuat","tag-ngon-ngu","tag-phien-dich","tag-tieng-viet"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u1ed1 G\u1eafng Gi\u1eef G\u00ecn S\u1ef1 Trong S\u00e1ng C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m nay (t\u1eeb 1986, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp). Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, trong t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n vang l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00f3i mang t\u00ednh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t!.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u1eafng Gi\u1eef G\u00ecn S\u1ef1 Trong S\u00e1ng C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m nay (t\u1eeb 1986, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp). Ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, trong t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n vang l\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00f3i mang t\u00ednh k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a C\u1ed1 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n \u0110\u1ed3ng: H\u00e3y g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t!.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"C\u00f4ng Ty D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt Uy T\u00edn H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-10-09T11:07:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-04T04:36:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"17 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 1\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/4ac715d2aaaaf3b0aebb6316c414a22e\"},\"headline\":\"G\u1eafng Gi\u1eef G\u00ecn S\u1ef1 Trong S\u00e1ng C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\",\"datePublished\":\"2010-10-09T11:07:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-04T04:36:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":4647,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"dich thuat\",\"ngon ngu\",\"phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch\",\"tieng viet\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Tin T\u1ee9c D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt M\u1edbi Nh\u1ea5t\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/gang-giu-gin-su-trong-sang-cua-tieng-viet\\\/\",\"name\":\"C\u1ed1 G\u1eafng Gi\u1eef G\u00ecn S\u1ef1 Trong S\u00e1ng C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.dichthuatso1.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2010-10-09T11:07:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-04T04:36:49+00:00\",\"description\":\"T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m nay (t\u1eeb 1986, Ph\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng bi\u00ean t\u1eadp). 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