{"id":48417,"date":"2010-10-09T17:49:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-09T10:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/viet-nhu-la-dich-thuat\/"},"modified":"2025-06-26T18:44:07","modified_gmt":"2025-06-26T11:44:07","slug":"viet-nhu-la-dich-thuat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/viet-nhu-la-dich-thuat\/","title":{"rendered":"Writing As Translation"},"content":{"rendered":"
N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eafc \u00edt ai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. “Con kh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n” – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u00e0 Gabriel Marquez, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1982, ban t\u1eb7ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft Cien anos de soledad c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sang h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/div>\n

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Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 c\u1edb m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Trung \u0110\u1ee9c, “con kh\u1ec9” c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Tr\u0103m n\u0103m c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea5t, t\u1eebng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u th\u00edch th\u00fa. C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Marquez kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed qu\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0m bi\u00ean t\u1eadp vi\u00ean nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed9i Nh\u00e2n D\u00e2n, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, n\u00f3i: “B\u1ecdn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1eadu s\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c s\u1eb5n, c\u00e1c c\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 xong, c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau!”.<\/div>\n
V\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i \u00edt: Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, tu\u1ef3 theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi 75% nhu\u1eadn b\u00fat s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. Nghe qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt s\u01b0\u1edbng tai! M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: “Ph\u00e0m nh\u1eefng th\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebft ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111i, c\u1ea7n g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn ki\u1ec3u \u0103n s\u1eb5n!” \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1m d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft: C\u00e1c anh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u0169 k\u00ed sinh, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c “chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef” t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n!<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u1eabn l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m t\u00e0y tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thi s\u0129 “ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ru v\u1edbi gi\u00f3”, th\u00ec l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghe m\u1eafng m\u1ecf. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Harry Aveling, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc La Trobe, Melbourne, Australia vi\u1ebft trong ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn “Mistakes” in Translation: A Functionalist Approach: “C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea7n qu\u1eadt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u1eddi, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i: “Anh b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y \u1edf trang 45”, “lo\u1ea1i chim n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd b\u1ed3 c\u00e2u ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd \u00e1c l\u00e0” ho\u1eb7c “th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong phong c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng anh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch”.<\/div>\n
So v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y, danh hi\u1ec7u “con kh\u1ec9” \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 vinh d\u1ef1 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec d\u00f9 sao n\u00f3 c\u0169ng mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129! Nguy\u1ec5n Trung \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1i danh hi\u1ec7u do Marquez t\u1eb7ng qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng!<\/div>\n
Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ebft v\u0103n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf: Anh\/ch\u1ecb ta t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebb trung gian. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u1eeba d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u1eeba \u00edt s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n gi\u1eefa vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u l\u1eafm t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edd m\u1edd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? T\u00f4i xin m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia x\u1ebb v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc trong ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eebng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1, m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n ng\u1eafn s\u1ea1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng phu. L\u00ed do d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ed1n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u0103n ho\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tinh th\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1n chu, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec5 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e2y ng\u00f4, kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/div>\n
R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 k\u00e9m s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00ed.<\/div>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t mang t\u00ednh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Anh\/ch\u1ecb ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Anh\/ch\u1ecb ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u “t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng”.<\/div>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai mang t\u00ednh v\u0103n ho\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u0103n ho\u00e1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u1eeb, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00ec. M\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong ngh\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u b\u00ed hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh m\u1edbi g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn. Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch. M\u1ecdi v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec3n t\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1ch v\u1edf hay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, t\u1eeb l\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 xin n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u0129 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebftTruy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u, c\u00e2u n\u00f3i “G\u00e3 S\u1edf Khanh \u1ea5y” kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c c\u00e2u “Th\u1eb1ng John \u1ea5y”. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n n\u1ebfu anh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1edb, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, n\u00f3i cho c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u1ed1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1”.<\/div>\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 ba t\u00f4i xin g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00ed, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 tinh th\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t d\u1edf. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ean b\u1ed9 phim c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec5n Tr\u1ea7n Anh H\u00f9ng, M\u00f9a h\u00e8 chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. T\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 A la verticale de l’\u00e9t\u00e9. V\u00ec t\u00ean phim trong c\u1ea3 hai th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7t, n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i trong d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. T\u00ean phim trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd – s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd m\u00e0 theo t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1eef “chi\u1ec1u”. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. Khi ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u00ean phim b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 “chi\u1ec1u” l\u00e0 “bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u”. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00f9a h\u00e8. C\u00e1i t\u00ean g\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u01a1, r\u1ea5t tri\u1ebft, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed h\u1ecfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 “chi\u1ec1u” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1i t\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ee3i m\u1edf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00ec “chi\u1ec1u” c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng”. Th\u00fa th\u1eadt, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1i th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng khi bi\u1ebft, nh\u1edd c\u00e1i t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, r\u1eb1ng “chi\u1ec1u” ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb “ph\u01b0\u01a1ng”. C\u00e1i t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 “Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8”, hay “M\u00f9a h\u00e8 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng”. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn bay gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 m\u1eadp m\u1edd trong c\u00e1i t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u00fd, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u00fat ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00e2m l\u00ed. M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u1edf h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m th\u1ea9m m\u0129 mong mu\u1ed1n, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/div>\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00ed \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ed1t t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ecfi v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 xo\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt m\u1ef1c trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n C\u00e2y b\u00fat th\u1ea7n: Thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3, con chim m\u00e0 ch\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1 s\u0129 v\u1ebd tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh chim th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ed7 c\u00e1nh bay \u0111i.<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang t\u00f4i. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, v\u00e0, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/div>\n
Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd: S\u00e1ng t\u00e1c c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/div>\n
Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1: Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Aristotle ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 trong hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: B\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/div>\n
Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 qu\u00e1 cao si\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 v\u0103n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
Khi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, mang t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u0129, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, anh\/ch\u1ecb ta m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh dung – b\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c – m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc trung b\u00ecnh, k\u1ebb s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. Trong v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 anh\/ch\u1ecb ta h\u00ecnh dung ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u – Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc trung b\u00ecnh kia – \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 cho m\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 “trung b\u00ecnh” c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u00e0 anh\/ch\u1ecb ta h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt: T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (bao g\u1ed3m \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt, ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, k\u0129 thu\u1eadt…) t\u1eeb ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u00e1 nh\u00e2nc\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sang th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trung b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do ch\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a anh\/ch\u1ecb ta, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef trung b\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, khi giao ti\u1ebfp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0 ri\u00eang trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac hai vai: Vai t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (th\u1ef1c ra l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3) v\u00e0 vai \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eadp vai t\u1ed1t, anh\/ch\u1ecb ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qua \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef Anh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi vi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trung t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a anh\/ch\u1ecb ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn kh\u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec anh\/ch\u1ecb ta mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1t truy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m m\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft hay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c vi\u1ebft d\u1edf.<\/div>\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec quen thu\u1ed9c, b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef quen thu\u1ed9c, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn s\u1eb5n. D\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1ea1c c\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n thi\u1ebfu d\u00e2y. D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi \u00edt t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/div>\n
\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c” v\u00e0 “d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt” theo ngh\u0129a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt do x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft theo \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng: Goethe vi\u1ebft theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, Balzac – theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 n\u1ee3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng M\u0129 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam – theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh. S\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta vi\u1ebft v\u0103n nh\u1ea1i, vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed, h\u1ed3i k\u00ed, s\u1eed k\u00ed…hay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00edch c\u0169.<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hay h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ebfch l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft gia v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch trung th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hay h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng d\u1edf h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu trong b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n th\u00ec b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ng\u1edb ng\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ngcu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u1edbi cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u00f4i. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u in b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 chung cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trung th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Trong b\u00e0i C\u00e1m d\u1ed7 v\u00e0 vinh quang c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i \u00edt h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0m sao m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Nga l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n cu\u1ed1n “BO\u0419HA \u0418 M\u0418P” trung th\u00e0nh trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Lev Tolstoi h\u01a1n b\u1ea3n Chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m m\u0129 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n Chinh ph\u1ee5 ng\u00e2m ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m m\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1eb7ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u00f4n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1ng”, “ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch” hay “t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch” – nh\u01b0 \u1edf t\u00ean t\u1eadp C\u1ed5 thi t\u00e1c d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 T\u00e2n – trong \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 do h\u01a1n trong khi vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c. L\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u nghi ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd ngay c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 “BO\u0419HA \u0418 M\u0418P” trong ti\u1ebfng Nga sang “Comment vous appellez-vous?” trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p hay “T\u00ean anh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?” trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1eabn t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb “rice” trong ti\u1ebfng Anh trong nh\u1eefng tru\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “l\u00faa”, “th\u00f3c”, “g\u1ea1o”, “c\u01a1m”… Do v\u1eady, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch-t\u1eebng-ch\u1eef (mot \u00e0 mot). Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong kh\u00f4ng \u00edt tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n “ph\u1ecfng d\u1ecbch” tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed hay h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh. Truy\u1ec7n Ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/div>\n
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang \u1edf quy m\u00f4 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, khi d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch, chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00fang t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng n\u00e0y sang ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c v.v…, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u00edp, c\u00e1c phong c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u… \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng”: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1ebfu trong th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ta g\u1eb7p L\u00ed B\u1ea1ch hay Basho, trong truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 Maupassant hay Tsekhov. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 anh\/ch\u1ecb ta y\u00eau th\u00edch sang ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 qua phong tr\u00e0o Th\u01a1 M\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX. B\u00e0i Y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb b\u00e0i Rondel de l’adieu (Kh\u00fac r\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 gi\u00e3 bi\u1ec7t) c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u01a1 Ph\u00e1p Edmond Haraucourt (1856?-1941). Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Edmond Haraucourt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/div>\n
RONDEL DE L’ADIEU<\/div>\n
Partir, c’est mourir un peu,<\/div>\n
C’est mourir \u00e0 ce qu’on aime:<\/div>\n
On laisse un peu de soi-m\u00eame<\/div>\n
En toute heure et dans tout lieu.<\/div>\n
C’est toujours le deuil d’un voeu,<\/div>\n
Le dernier vers d’un po\u00e8me:<\/div>\n
Partir c’est mourir un peu.<\/div>\n
Et l’on part, et c’est un jeu,<\/div>\n
Et jusqu’\u00e0 l’adieu supr\u00eame<\/div>\n
C’est son \u00e2me que l’on s\u00e8me,<\/div>\n
Que l’on s\u00e8me \u00e0 chaque adieu:<\/div>\n
Partir, c’est mourir un peu.<\/div>\n
Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/div>\n
KH\u00daC R\u00d4NG \u0110\u00d4 GI\u00c3 BI\u1ec6T<\/div>\n
Ra \u0111i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00edt<\/div>\n
Ch\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/div>\n
Ta g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ta \u1edf l\u1ea1i<\/div>\n
M\u1ed7i n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ph\u00fat tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/div>\n
M\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 tang ni\u1ec1m \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n,<\/div>\n
C\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1:<\/div>\n
Ra \u0111i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00edt<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0ng ta v\u1eabn ra \u0111i, nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i,<\/div>\n
Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n gi\u00e3 t\u1eeb sau ch\u00f3t<\/div>\n
\u0110em h\u1ed3n m\u00ecnh gieo g\u1eedi \u1edf mu\u00f4n n\u01a1i,<\/div>\n
Gieo g\u1eedi \u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi gi\u00e3 bi\u1ec7t:<\/div>\n
Ra \u0111i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t \u00edt.<\/div>\n
C\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u:<\/div>\n
Y\u00caU<\/div>\n
Y\u00eau, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u00edt.<\/div>\n
V\u00ec m\u1ea5y khi y\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau?<\/div>\n
Cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, song nh\u1eadn ch\u1eb3ng bao nhi\u00eau:<\/div>\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c th\u1edd \u01a1, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft.<\/div>\n
Ph\u00fat g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1edd chia bi\u1ec7t,<\/div>\n
T\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u0103ng t\u00e0n, hoa t\u1ea1 v\u1edbi h\u1ed3n ti\u00eau,<\/div>\n
V\u00ec m\u1ea5y khi y\u00eau m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau!<\/div>\n
– Y\u00eau, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u00edt.<\/div>\n
H\u1ecd l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa u s\u1ea7u m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt,<\/div>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi si theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n y\u00eau;<\/div>\n
V\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 sa m\u1ea1c v\u00f4 li\u00eau.<\/div>\n
V\u00e0 t\u00ecnh \u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edt.<\/div>\n
Y\u00eau, l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t \u00edt.<\/div>\n
Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ngay ra s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa hai b\u00e0i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ee9 th\u01a1, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n: C\u1ea3 hai b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ba kh\u1ed5, c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u1edf cu\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5 hai v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Xu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Edmond Haraucourt c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e2u m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: Sau t\u1eeb “partir” (ra \u0111i) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb “y\u00eau” l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc hai b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edfng chung r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o xo\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 T\u00e2n khi anh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ec3 l\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n. (Anh \u0111\u00e3 in t\u1eadp L\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n thi t\u1eadp, g\u1ed3m 400 b\u00e0i th\u01a1 s\u00e1u c\u00e2u s\u00e1u ch\u1eef). T\u00f4i tin ch\u1eafc anh \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau. Anh bi\u1ebft, ngay t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, r\u1eb1ng th\u01a1 c\u1ed5 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 th\u01a1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7. Anh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ecbch ch\u00fang. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 anh d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1eeba d\u1ecbch, anh v\u1eeba l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi ch\u00fang v\u00e0 t\u1eadp y\u00eau th\u00edch ch\u00fang. R\u1ed3i anh y\u00eau th\u00edch ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch y\u00eau th\u00edch thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd: L\u00fac n\u00e0o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ni\u1ec1m y\u00eau th\u00edch v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f9ng uy t\u00edn phi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9 th\u01a1 xa l\u1ea1, v\u1ec1 sau l\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, anh d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 lo\u1ea1i th\u01a1 n\u00e0y, anh bi\u1ebft, hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft, v\u00ec sao n\u00f3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Anh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng… Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, anh c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng anh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 th\u01a1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eebng c\u00f3. Ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a anh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 may tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Th\u01a1 l\u1ee5c ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a anh c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
Vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m t\u1eadp th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 T\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a anh. (T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 T\u00e2n). T\u00f4i l\u1ea5y Th\u00e1i B\u00e1 T\u00e2n l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m b\u00fat. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00f4i, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 trong v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 trong nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m hay tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n
Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n. T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/div>\n
D\u1ecbch c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Linh h\u1ed3n, tr\u00e1i tim, tr\u00ed \u00f3c.<\/div>\n
D\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? B\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9.<\/div>\n
D\u1ecbch cho ai? Cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quen, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau ta v\u00e0 c\u0103m gh\u00e9t ta.<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eafc \u00edt ai ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb \u0103n theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n. “Con kh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 v\u0103n” – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 m\u00e0 Gabriel Marquez, ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i Nobel 1982, ban t\u1eb7ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3258],"tags":[3311],"class_list":["post-48417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tin-tuc-dich-thuat","tag-dich-thuat"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVi\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 L\u00e0 D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ebd Mang \u0110\u1ebfn Hi\u1ec7u Qu\u1ea3<\/title>\n<meta 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k\u1ebb \u0103n theo t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.dichthuatso1.com\/en\/viet-nhu-la-dich-thuat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"C\u00f4ng Ty D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt Uy T\u00edn H\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7t Nam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2010-10-09T10:49:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-26T11:44:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"D\u1ecbch Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1 1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"26 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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